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	<title>Comments on: Philosophical and Scientific Arguments in Favor of the Soul</title>
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	<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/</link>
	<description>Hate The State</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 18:25:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Dave Cochrane</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11325</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave Cochrane</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Sep 2012 18:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11325</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;...since animals obviously undergo experience, they too have eternal souls.&quot;

Nah. The one isn&#039;t proved - it&#039;s not even testable, let alone &quot;obvious.&quot; And even if the one were true it would not imply that the other is true. And I know you are &quot;obviously&quot; familiar with the term &quot;logical fallacy.&quot; :)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;&#8230;since animals obviously undergo experience, they too have eternal souls.&#8221;</p>
<p>Nah. The one isn&#8217;t proved &#8211; it&#8217;s not even testable, let alone &#8220;obvious.&#8221; And even if the one were true it would not imply that the other is true. And I know you are &#8220;obviously&#8221; familiar with the term &#8220;logical fallacy.&#8221; <img src='http://www.libertariannews.org/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: Michael Suede</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11157</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Suede</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jul 2012 17:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11157</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;If believing in an immaterial soul allows one to make accurate predictions of phenomena which can&#039;t be explained otherwise or allows people to achieve their ends in ways not otherwise possible, then an immaterial soul can be treated as functionally true. &quot;


I would argue that believing in a soul changes the ends people seek.  Belief in a soul effects the very purpose of being.   And as I point out in the article, I don&#039;t think there is a better explanation for the phenomena of experience than a &quot;soul.&quot;


Why should you believe in a soul?  If you are perfectly happy believing what you believe now, then you have no reason to.  From my perspective, it doesn&#039;t matter if you chose to believe in it or not.  I don&#039;t need to convince you of anything, since you&#039;re going to experience the afterlife whether you believe in it or not. For me, knowing I am not my body is helpful in maintaining a peaceful mind.  

And yes, since I believe conscious experience is eternal in nature, and since animals obviously undergo experience, they too have eternal souls.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;If believing in an immaterial soul allows one to make accurate predictions of phenomena which can&#8217;t be explained otherwise or allows people to achieve their ends in ways not otherwise possible, then an immaterial soul can be treated as functionally true. &#8221;</p>
<p>I would argue that believing in a soul changes the ends people seek.  Belief in a soul effects the very purpose of being.   And as I point out in the article, I don&#8217;t think there is a better explanation for the phenomena of experience than a &#8220;soul.&#8221;</p>
<p>Why should you believe in a soul?  If you are perfectly happy believing what you believe now, then you have no reason to.  From my perspective, it doesn&#8217;t matter if you chose to believe in it or not.  I don&#8217;t need to convince you of anything, since you&#8217;re going to experience the afterlife whether you believe in it or not. For me, knowing I am not my body is helpful in maintaining a peaceful mind.  </p>
<p>And yes, since I believe conscious experience is eternal in nature, and since animals obviously undergo experience, they too have eternal souls.</p>
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		<title>By: Justin Keith</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11155</link>
		<dc:creator>Justin Keith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jul 2012 21:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11155</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The hard problem of consciousness is a pickle. I took enough drugs to discover that &quot;I&quot; am just one part of many in this body. It&#039;s not surprising to me that scientists can&#039;t point to one specific place where thoughts come from because there is no central &quot;master program&quot; in the mind... it&#039;s a neural net.

I&#039;m a Bayesian so I prefer monism to dualism because it&#039;s just statistically more likely. However, I judge beliefs by their predictive power or usefulness. I believing in an immaterial soul allows one to make accurate predictions of phenomena which can&#039;t be explained otherwise or allows people to achieve their ends in ways not otherwise possible, then an immaterial soul can be treated as functionally true. I haven&#039;t seen what benefits such belief provides though. Even though there are problems with a materialist view of consciousness, why should I believe in a soul?

Also, do non-human animals have souls?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The hard problem of consciousness is a pickle. I took enough drugs to discover that &#8220;I&#8221; am just one part of many in this body. It&#8217;s not surprising to me that scientists can&#8217;t point to one specific place where thoughts come from because there is no central &#8220;master program&#8221; in the mind&#8230; it&#8217;s a neural net.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m a Bayesian so I prefer monism to dualism because it&#8217;s just statistically more likely. However, I judge beliefs by their predictive power or usefulness. I believing in an immaterial soul allows one to make accurate predictions of phenomena which can&#8217;t be explained otherwise or allows people to achieve their ends in ways not otherwise possible, then an immaterial soul can be treated as functionally true. I haven&#8217;t seen what benefits such belief provides though. Even though there are problems with a materialist view of consciousness, why should I believe in a soul?</p>
<p>Also, do non-human animals have souls?</p>
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		<title>By: matt presti</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11153</link>
		<dc:creator>matt presti</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jul 2012 13:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11153</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sensing and thinking belong to the body; knowing belongs to the soul.  www.thesecretoflight.com explains what consciousness is in great detail as authored by Walter and Lao Russell, founders of the University of Science and Philosophy.  There are few if any who have explained it with this much detail.  Namaste.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sensing and thinking belong to the body; knowing belongs to the soul.  <a href="http://www.thesecretoflight.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.thesecretoflight.com</a> explains what consciousness is in great detail as authored by Walter and Lao Russell, founders of the University of Science and Philosophy.  There are few if any who have explained it with this much detail.  Namaste.</p>
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		<title>By: beli</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11058</link>
		<dc:creator>beli</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 23:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11058</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Interesting essay. As far as I am aware there are several similar attempts to explain this topic merely on scientific bases. The most impressive one I know of is from the late Burkhard Heim. He concluded (and mathematical described) that beyond our 4 basic dimensions 2 more purely informational dimensions exist of which one represents the concept and measurement of entropy and the second one close to the concept of evolutionary states. He derives that by interacting of these 2 dimensions (similar to the event horizon of hologram theories) the base of our consciousness is a part of physical reality not limited to the physical body. More in the sense that our bodies are finely tuned &quot;radio receivers&quot; for something we would call the soul. He refused to publish since he feared the second concept would made it look confusingly close to to an overarching conscious and intelligent universe. Surprisingly close to what we would call God.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting essay. As far as I am aware there are several similar attempts to explain this topic merely on scientific bases. The most impressive one I know of is from the late Burkhard Heim. He concluded (and mathematical described) that beyond our 4 basic dimensions 2 more purely informational dimensions exist of which one represents the concept and measurement of entropy and the second one close to the concept of evolutionary states. He derives that by interacting of these 2 dimensions (similar to the event horizon of hologram theories) the base of our consciousness is a part of physical reality not limited to the physical body. More in the sense that our bodies are finely tuned &#8220;radio receivers&#8221; for something we would call the soul. He refused to publish since he feared the second concept would made it look confusingly close to to an overarching conscious and intelligent universe. Surprisingly close to what we would call God.</p>
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		<title>By: Michael Suede</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11057</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Suede</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 23:24:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11057</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Indeed, it is better suited to philosophy.  However, if you want to consider philosophy a &quot;non science,&quot; you have a lot of history to overturn.

I contend that the lack of philosophy in so-called &quot;science&quot; today has brought us to the confused state we are in.

]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Indeed, it is better suited to philosophy.  However, if you want to consider philosophy a &#8220;non science,&#8221; you have a lot of history to overturn.</p>
<p>I contend that the lack of philosophy in so-called &#8220;science&#8221; today has brought us to the confused state we are in.</p>
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		<title>By: Nik</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11056</link>
		<dc:creator>Nik</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 23:13:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11056</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Consciousnesses causing wave function collapse is nothing more than postmodernist solipsism in disguise, better suited to discussion of philosphy, not science.   
&quot;Further, a measurement device could not be built unless a conscious entity assembled it. So one would have to explain how a device could cause a wave collapse without a conscious entity first constructing that device.&quot;


Nope, a photon interacting scattering of an atom would be classified as making a measurement, in fact the first derivations of the uncertainty principle use this thought experiment.


&quot;I assume you are going to argue in favor of MWI, given your claim that collapse of the wave function has nothing to do with an actual conscious observer. Which ultimately supports my claims; given that MWI is deterministic, which leaves no room for free will, and hence, supports my argument that it is impossible to derive a solution for &quot;awareness&quot; and free will out of QM theory. &quot;



We&#039;ll I&#039;ll be damned, you mean you can&#039;t reduce the problem of the brain  to &quot;just physics?&quot;


Stop reading Wiki articles and then acting like you&#039;re an expert on the subject.

]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Consciousnesses causing wave function collapse is nothing more than postmodernist solipsism in disguise, better suited to discussion of philosphy, not science.<br />
&#8220;Further, a measurement device could not be built unless a conscious entity assembled it. So one would have to explain how a device could cause a wave collapse without a conscious entity first constructing that device.&#8221;</p>
<p>Nope, a photon interacting scattering of an atom would be classified as making a measurement, in fact the first derivations of the uncertainty principle use this thought experiment.</p>
<p>&#8220;I assume you are going to argue in favor of MWI, given your claim that collapse of the wave function has nothing to do with an actual conscious observer. Which ultimately supports my claims; given that MWI is deterministic, which leaves no room for free will, and hence, supports my argument that it is impossible to derive a solution for &#8220;awareness&#8221; and free will out of QM theory. &#8221;</p>
<p>We&#8217;ll I&#8217;ll be damned, you mean you can&#8217;t reduce the problem of the brain  to &#8220;just physics?&#8221;</p>
<p>Stop reading Wiki articles and then acting like you&#8217;re an expert on the subject.</p>
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		<title>By: Michael Suede</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11033</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Suede</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 01:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11033</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Then go change the wiki articles and post your sources if you think you know better.  

&quot;In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse (also called collapse of the state vector orreduction of the wave packet) is the phenomenon in which a wave function—initially in asuperposition of several different possible eigenstates—appears to reduce to a single one of those states after interaction with an observer. In simplified terms, it is the reduction of the physical possibilities into a single possibility as seen by an observer.&quot;

&quot;Many Worlds Interpretation response: the decoherence or &quot;splitting&quot; or &quot;branching&quot; is complete when the measurement is complete.&quot;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_(quantum_physics)

&quot;In quantum mechanics, &quot;observation&quot; is synonymous with quantum measurement and &quot;observer&quot; with a measurement apparatus and observable with what can be measured. Thus the quantum mechanical observer does not necessarily present or solve any problems over and above the (admittedly difficult) issue of measurement in quantum mechanics. The quantum mechanical observer is also intimately tied to the issue of observer effect.

A number of interpretations of quantum mechanics, notably &quot;consciousness causes collapse&quot;, give the observer a special role, or place constraints on who or what can be an observer.&quot;

Further, a measurement device could not be built unless a conscious entity assembled it.  So one would have to explain how a device could cause a wave collapse without a conscious entity first constructing that device.

I&#039;d also like to add that the Many Worlds interpretation leads to total determinism, with no room for free will at the quantum level.  So if you want to argue MWI, then you&#039;ll have to convince me that I didn&#039;t chose to write this response to you - I was simply predestined to do so.

I assume you are going to argue in favor of MWI, given your claim that collapse of the wave function has nothing to do with an actual conscious observer.  Which ultimately supports my claims; given that MWI is deterministic, which leaves no room for free will, and hence, supports my argument that it is impossible to derive a solution for &quot;awareness&quot; and free will out of QM theory.

Some more:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friend#Consciousness_and_measurement

&quot;Wigner designed the experiment to illustrate his belief that consciousness is necessary to the quantum mechanical measurement process. If a material device is substituted for the conscious friend, the linearity of the wave function implies that the state of the system is in a linear sum of possible states. It is simply a larger indeterminate system.
However, a conscious observer (according to his reasoning) must be in either one state or the other, hence conscious observations are different, hence consciousness is not material. Wigner discusses this scenario in &quot;Remarks on the mind-body question&quot;, one in his collection of essays, Symmetries and Reflections, 1967. The idea has become known as the consciousness causes collapse interpretation.&quot;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Then go change the wiki articles and post your sources if you think you know better.  </p>
<p>&#8220;In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse (also called collapse of the state vector orreduction of the wave packet) is the phenomenon in which a wave function—initially in asuperposition of several different possible eigenstates—appears to reduce to a single one of those states after interaction with an observer. In simplified terms, it is the reduction of the physical possibilities into a single possibility as seen by an observer.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Many Worlds Interpretation response: the decoherence or &#8220;splitting&#8221; or &#8220;branching&#8221; is complete when the measurement is complete.&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_(quantum_physics)" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_(quantum_physics)</a></p>
<p>&#8220;In quantum mechanics, &#8220;observation&#8221; is synonymous with quantum measurement and &#8220;observer&#8221; with a measurement apparatus and observable with what can be measured. Thus the quantum mechanical observer does not necessarily present or solve any problems over and above the (admittedly difficult) issue of measurement in quantum mechanics. The quantum mechanical observer is also intimately tied to the issue of observer effect.</p>
<p>A number of interpretations of quantum mechanics, notably &#8220;consciousness causes collapse&#8221;, give the observer a special role, or place constraints on who or what can be an observer.&#8221;</p>
<p>Further, a measurement device could not be built unless a conscious entity assembled it.  So one would have to explain how a device could cause a wave collapse without a conscious entity first constructing that device.</p>
<p>I&#8217;d also like to add that the Many Worlds interpretation leads to total determinism, with no room for free will at the quantum level.  So if you want to argue MWI, then you&#8217;ll have to convince me that I didn&#8217;t chose to write this response to you &#8211; I was simply predestined to do so.</p>
<p>I assume you are going to argue in favor of MWI, given your claim that collapse of the wave function has nothing to do with an actual conscious observer.  Which ultimately supports my claims; given that MWI is deterministic, which leaves no room for free will, and hence, supports my argument that it is impossible to derive a solution for &#8220;awareness&#8221; and free will out of QM theory.</p>
<p>Some more:<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friend#Consciousness_and_measurement" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%27s_friend#Consciousness_and_measurement</a></p>
<p>&#8220;Wigner designed the experiment to illustrate his belief that consciousness is necessary to the quantum mechanical measurement process. If a material device is substituted for the conscious friend, the linearity of the wave function implies that the state of the system is in a linear sum of possible states. It is simply a larger indeterminate system.<br />
However, a conscious observer (according to his reasoning) must be in either one state or the other, hence conscious observations are different, hence consciousness is not material. Wigner discusses this scenario in &#8220;Remarks on the mind-body question&#8221;, one in his collection of essays, Symmetries and Reflections, 1967. The idea has become known as the consciousness causes collapse interpretation.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Sam</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11032</link>
		<dc:creator>Sam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jul 2012 21:57:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11032</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You make several claims that, as a guy majoring in Physics, I can tell you now are most certainly wrong. Wave-particle duality does not have anything to do with the observer&#039;s actual observation, in and of itself, merely the observational equipment, however small, interfering with the electron and collapsing its&#039; wave function.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You make several claims that, as a guy majoring in Physics, I can tell you now are most certainly wrong. Wave-particle duality does not have anything to do with the observer&#8217;s actual observation, in and of itself, merely the observational equipment, however small, interfering with the electron and collapsing its&#8217; wave function.</p>
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		<title>By: Scotty King</title>
		<link>http://www.libertariannews.org/2012/07/06/philosophical-and-scientific-arguments-in-favor-of-the-soul/#comment-11020</link>
		<dc:creator>Scotty King</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jul 2012 00:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.libertariannews.org/?p=13676#comment-11020</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Dr. Henri Bergson&#039;s essays &quot;Matter and Memory&quot; and &quot;Time and Free Will&quot; offer a comprehensive discussion on this matter. Written over 100 years but by no means obsolete.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In Dr. Henri Bergson&#8217;s essays &#8220;Matter and Memory&#8221; and &#8220;Time and Free Will&#8221; offer a comprehensive discussion on this matter. Written over 100 years but by no means obsolete.</p>
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